Asher Farms free essay sample

Political – In class the major political topic that we focused on was possible affects on the industry if immigration laws became stricter. This industry is highly dependent on cheap labor. If all of a sudden there were not enough workers in the industry there would not be enough chicken available to meet the demand. Economic – Evident from the case, the chicken market is heavily influenced by currency fluctuation. This is because 15% of the total poultry production is exported and therefore changes in the price of the dollar can make chicken much more expensive in other countries or it can have a reverse effect. Social – Over the past couple of decades there has clearly been a shift in the amount of different types of meat products that are consumed. Those who watch their what they eat are more likely to eat chicken for the high protein benefits and minimizing some of the harmful affects of red meat. We will write a custom essay sample on Asher Farms or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Technological – There had been a strong push for more efficient technology to be produced in this industry. The technology developments range from the machinery that does some of the work to new genetic engineering of the food that the chickens eat. These advancements allowed for the growth of the chicken industry without and slowdowns. Legal – Animal rights advocates have had major impacts on the ways that chickens can be processed. The conditions that the chickens live in could cause some legal problems in the future in different animal rights groups wanted to make changes. Environmental – Spread of disease always seems to be a major concern in the food industry. Contamination is very possible and could potentially cause huge problems. The FDA would like to minimize the possible affects of any type disease from spreading such as salmonella or other bacteria’s that are harmful. I feel that all of the business risks identified in question 1, the PESTLE acronym, all have the same potential to impact the risk of material misstatements on the financial statements. These business risks would all put revenue, cost of goods sold, wage expenses, and certain discloses at risk for being misstated. This would require more substantive tests to provide more reliable evidence that the financial statements are correctly stated. Obtaining knowledge about the client’s industry helps to highlight practices unique to that industry that may have an effect on the client’s financial statements. The auditor should obtain knowledge relating to the client’s business before commencing the audit. Understanding the client’s business provides information regarding events and transactions that may affect the client’s financial statements. Just like an auditor is not responsible to provide absolute assurance that the financial statements are correct, an auditory does not have the responsibility to identify or assess all business risks because it would be not efficient, timely, or costly to do so. As discussed in question 1, some examples of business risks that should be considered include; immigration concerns, currency fluctuation, health changes, technological development, and the spread of disease. An example of a business risk that might not lead to a risk of material misstatement in the financial statements that we discussed in class was opening new locations and growing the business.

Communication Essays - Nonverbal Communication, Romance, Free Essays

Communication Essays - Nonverbal Communication, Romance, Free Essays Communication Question 1 Option A Communication between two people sometimes is misinterpreted. One aspect of communication that makes it easy to distort the message being sent to a person is the use of nonverbal codes. Nonverbal codes are codes of communication consisting of symbols that are not words including nonword vocalizations.(P/N 73) The two categories I choose for this test are kinesics and paralinguistic features. Kinesics is the posture, movement, gestures, and facial expressions that are used to send a message. (P/N 73) One example of this is giving the finger to another person, which is showing only your middle finger to someone. This is socially accepted within the group of friends that I run around with, because it is saying, forget you I dont want to hear it, but nothing more is thought of it. It is used in a joking manner, if you are being serious then it is not the right situation to use it. If it is misinterpreted, or used in a serious manner, then it will most likely offend the person that it was directed to. At the same time you only want to give the finger to someone who you are friends with on a personal level. These rules are just a set standard, which are learned through observations. Paralinguistic features are the nonword sounds and nonword characteristics of language. (P/N 79) An example of this is when someone yawns. This is when someone is tired; the body does not function as well. Their circulation is not as good and the body is trying to get more air to the brain. It is socially accepted because it is something that can not be controlled. However, it is also considered rude to do when someone is talking to you because the impression that you are not listening is given to the speaker. In return, if done frequently enough the impression that you do not like the person can be given. This rule is learned from observation. It is important to be aware of the implicit rules for cultural/co-cultural nonverbal codes because if not known then you can easily offend people. The example of giving the finger to someone might mean something else in another country. It might mean nothing at all; in that case, people would not understand you. On the other hand, it also might mean something terrible mean, and then you would offend them. It is important to understand these rules so the signals that you are intending to send will not be misunderstood. Question 2 Option B The Sapir-Whorf Hypotheses states that you can only feel what you can explain in words. If you do not have the words to explain a feeling then you can not feel that feeling to the full extent. Someone who can explain it in words will have a more enriching experience. I personally disagree with this statement. I have to say that when you fall in love no one can explain it completely, but it does not take away from their experience because they can not explain it. My personal example of this would have to be of a church retreat that I went to four years in a row. It was the most wonderful thing that happened to me. The worshiping and the love that I felt with the people there is just indescribable. I do not feel that just because I could learn how to describe it that it would make my experience any better. The only thing it would allow me to express the feeling. This theory is not important to studying communication. Since what is actually stated is not true what good does it do. I feel that people who have a bigger vocabulary might be able to describe the situation better, which in turn means better communication. However, this is not what the hypothesis is stating. Question 3 In a relationship, there are stages that it will go through. While going through these stages, not every relationship will hit every stage, and in the relationship, some stages will occur more than others will. The three most important stages are intensifying, bonding, and differentiating. Intensifying is the stage where the two people where notice that they have a relationship and try to take it to a higher

Unraveling Giorgiones Tempest essays

Unraveling Giorgiones Tempest essays Giorgiones Tempest is one of the most controversial paintings of the Renaissance in terms of its information deficiency. Not only is the painter Giorgione, the most mysterious artists in Venetian Renaissance, but also is the painting itself stands as a milestone in art history that endows Tempest the significant role in art world. Despite a vast number of readings, no single analysis has stood the test of time, least of all that of Marcantonio Michiel, the earliest interpretation in 1530.1 Following that a vast controversy has evolved in the next 500 years and countless variant reinterpretations developed well, which refer to six main topics on the artwork: the patron and genre, the figures, the specific time of painting, the background on painting and the techniques Giorgione used. In this essay, I am identifying assumptions towards those topics and the legacy of Tempest. Patron: It has been assumed that the Venetian nobleman Gabriele Vendramin commissioned the Tempest. This assumption is largely as a result of the patrician connoisseur Michiels description in 1530 as he was a reliable witness closed to Giorgiones period who indicated the deals of artworks.2 The reason Vendramin commissioned Giorgione to paint this picture was inspired by the marriages of his relatives.3 However, as there is no proof many have disputed this, pointing out that he could have purchased it. Giorgione had a formidable contemporary reputation as a painter to wealthy Venetian art collectors. So the assumption that Vendramin commissioned the painting is not unreasonable with or without any documentary evidence. If he did not commission the painting, it would have been commissioned by someone very similar in social status to him. Subject: For 500 years the universal admiration of Giorgione's Tempest has gone hand in hand with the universal disagreement about the "subject" and meaning of the painting. Despite a number of acceptable in...

Small Boat Cooling System Operation and Maintenance

Small Boat Cooling System Operation and Maintenance There are two common engine cooling schemes in small vessels. Raw water cooling circulates seawater through the engine block directly, while closed loop cooling utilizes a heat exchanger to isolate the engine coolant from seawater which carries the excess heat out of a vessel. Both systems have similar components and operation. The more complex of the two systems is actually two simple cooling loops in series. The concepts are easy to understand and so are the fixes to common problems. Raw Water or Open Cooling We will follow the path of the water from the sea into the intake which is fitted with a valve called a seacock to close the opening if a coolant line fails. These connections are large and will put several hundred gallons per minute into your hull if they fail. The cooling water passes through a strainer which should be checked each day. Emptying this little basket of garbage is very important since it will impede the flow to the engine which could cause damage. Expensive damage. Next the seawater travels through a hard piped line or sometimes flexible hose to the cold side of the engine cooling system. Any soft lines should be secured with double band clamps on each connection, they should be checked very often for failure or wear. On its journey through the engine the cool sea water absorbs heat by passing through small channels cast into the engine components. These channels give plenty of surface area where heat can be absorbed but they do have drawbacks like clogging and freezing in cold weather. As the seawater exits it passes though a thermostat which can be a automotive spring type device or a sensor connected to a automatic gate valve. If the water is below the ideal temperature threshold for the engine cooling water by passes the engine until heat removal is required. A cold running engine is bad for the machinery and the efficiency of an engine. The cooling water and exhaust gasses are combined in a wet exhaust system where they exit the vessel. If exhaust is aerial then cooling water passes through another seacock to exit the hull. Closed Loop Cooling This type of cooling is very similar to raw water cooling except in place of an engine theres a heat exchanger. Basically a tube within a tube that transfers heat without allowing liquids to mix. The coolant circulates on the engine side while raw seawater circulates on the heat exchanger side. Other than this important point all operations are similar. Pros and Cons of Open and Closed Systems Open Pros: simple and well known, no chemicals, if hard piped the only maintenance is cleaning the strainer. Cons: Prone to clogging with debris, pure water allowed to freeze in engine passages will crack the engine block, in some environments the inside of the system can become home to mussels and barnacles. Closed Pros: Much less time to bring a engine to a stable operating temperature, less temperature fluctuation increases fuel and power efficiency, winterizing tasks and cold damage are minimized, if a clog appears it will be in the heat exchanger side which can be easily serviced; a clog in an engine passage requires disassembly excess heat can be used for space heating. Cons: Marine coolant is expensive and many systems have a high capacity, potential to leak coolant into the surrounding water, additional anodes must be placed and monitored for signs of corrosion. Whats the Best Marine Cooling System? The answer depends on you location and operations. Fouling and clogs are the biggest issue for most operators and local knowledge works best for these situations. If you must choose one type of system over another and everything else seems equal, then take a look at the anti-fouling paint used in your area. If it is meant to aggressively prohibit growth of marine life, then you should consider a closed system to reduce the risk of damage. How to Flush Your Work Boat Cooling System While there are a couple thousand large ships in the global merchant fleet, there are perhaps a couple hundred thousand smaller work boats. Operators of these boats are often also owners and to keep costs down some go without professional maintenance services. If you choose this approach it will save money, although it does increase the risk of damage due to human error. Working carefully and understanding some of the underlying concepts of you equipment will assure the job is done correctly while still saving money. Many of us have entered this profession through the world of small boats. Those long days spent at the marina washing recreational boats for extra spending money turned into more complex jobs. Soon, those little electrical and plumbing jobs earned a few dollars, and hopefully a good reputation. Then one day, while crammed under the helm station of a ship, the thought crosses your mind; how did I get here? Formal education  is available for these jobs and many excellent schools will give you a comprehensive understanding of the systems of any size vessel.

Jeffersons and Hamiltons Differences Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Jeffersons and Hamiltons Differences - Article Example    Jefferson considered agriculture to be the foundation of the American economy, while Hamilton favored commerce and industry. Jefferson opposed Hamilton’s proposal to establish a national Bank of the United States, to provide government subsidies to manufacturers and to impose tariffs to provide temporary protection to new firms. Jefferson argued that the establishment of a central bank was not sanctioned by the constitution and opposed the promotion of industry over agriculture. Hamilton suggested that the Federal government take over the unpaid public debts of the states and pay off the national debt. (Tours). In the area of foreign policy, Jefferson feared undue English influence and believed that America was obliged to actively support the French Revolution. On the other hand, Hamilton tended towards England and warned against involvement in France. (Pearson). I think that both Jefferson and Hamilton held strong, valid positions. ... Interpretation of the constitution, the debate on the expansion of the federal government’s authority and the emergence of the two-party political system have their roots in this conflict. The Democratic-Republican Party and the Federalist Party are the precursors of the present political divisions. America could fuse the philosophies of Jefferson and Hamilton for the good of the fledgling nation. # 5: The Separation of Powers. Although the framers of the U.S. Constitution did not explicitly define the Separation of Powers, the concept is implicitly enshrined in the structure of government as laid down in Articles 1, 2 and 3. The functioning of the three branches of the federal government - the legislative, the executive and the judicial - are clearly demarcated and separated. Article 1 states that â€Å"All legislative powers...shall be vested in a Congress.† Article 2 vests â€Å"the executive power...in a President.† Article 3 places the â€Å"judicial power of the United States in one Supreme Court†. The Legislative is composed of the House and Senate. The Executive is composed of the President, Vice-President, and the Departments. The Judicial is composed of the  federal courts  and the Supreme Court. The framers of the Constitution believed the Separation of Powers to be essential â€Å"because a concentration of political power is inherently dangerous and will sooner or later lead to the abuse of power and to oppressive government† (McClelland, Part 1V B).  Ã‚  

DB SC bus139 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DB SC bus139 - Assignment Example On the contrary this form of business method helps to achieve economies of scale where funds can be allocated as per requirements. I feel that every business has the desire to expand across wide areas and in order to meet such an objective franchising is the best possible solution. The major advantage of this method is to have control on capital and operate across the globe without much of intervention. It can be stated that franchisees are able to provide a large customer base along with some exceptional talent which cannot be accessed by a business that has its wholly owned subsidiary. High level of consistency and quality are maintained by franchisees as they are bound within an agreement. This in turn increases the scope for success of the new business. On the contrary the major disadvantage of the method is that expertise and skills of a firm needs to be shared by all the franchisees. There can even be an issue with timely payment of fees and royalties by franchisees which would disrupt the relationship between franchisor and franchisee and ultimately have an impact on the business (Longenecker, Palich & Hoy 94-99). In order to avoid such a situation the best possible measure is to set forth an agreement with all possible terms and conditions and then I would prefer to have limited number of franchisees who can be easily controlled. I was working as an employee with a renowned organization located in United States known as Kraft Foods. The industry in which the company operates is highly competitive with large number of players. However Kraft Foods has been able to establish its unique position in the market due to high product quality and innovative food items which it brings forth for its customers. Food and Beverage industrial sector is a segment that needs constant monitoring as any new move made by competitor can result into loss of market share. While I was working in this organization, I observed a good management situation in which top

Distribution Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Distribution Systems - Essay Example They are carried to different areas to be distributed in different retail outlets. At times, the distribution centers are located near the bottling plants of Coca Cola. The objective of the distribution centre being near to the plant is easy transportation of the bottles into the carrying vans (Berry, â€Å"ColaLife MDCs and Coca Colas Manual Distribution System†). Coca Cola endeavors that everyone should get to enjoy a sip of the Coca Cola drink, no matter where the person is located. For this, the company has a strong distribution system. The entire functioning of the distribution system is looked after by the distribution department. This department covers the purchase point, reaching to the final consumers, delivery, sales and warehousing in the supply chain of Coca Cola. Moreover, the distribution department has the responsibility of looking after the delivery of inventory in more than 8000 centres all over the world. There are four important core areas of the distribution department. These four important areas are – Consumer and Customer Service Systems, Managing Demand and Planning Operations, Infrastructure Planning and Development. The system of customer service and consumer is a way to develop a structure for executing strategies of consumers and customers. The purpose of this framework is to understand the needs and requirements of the customers. Customer is the king in the modern economy. The company wants to promote the strength of its brand through proper consumer and customer services. The system also intends to link the consumers with marketing mechanisms, logistics and warehousing. Distribution of products is pointless without a proper study of consumer demand. Consumer demand is arrived at by the application of quantitative tools. The Demand Management System links up all important stakeholders of the company like the distributors and the suppliers in the final

FDI and Economic Growth Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

FDI and Economic Growth - Article Example The UN defines control in this case as owning 10% or more of the ordinary shares or voting power of an incorporated firm or its equivalent for an unincorporated firm. In the years after the World War II global FDI was dominated by theUnited States, as much of the world recovered from the destruction wrought by the conflict. The U.S. accounted for around three-quarters of new FDI (including reinvested profits) between 1945 and 1960. Since that time FDI has spread to become a truly global phenomenon, no longer the exclusive preserve of OECD countries. FDI has grown in importance in the global economy with FDI stocks now constituting over 20% of global GDP. In the last few years, the emerging market countries such as China and India have become the most favoured destinations for FDI and investor confidence in these countries has soared. As per the FDI Confidence Index compiled byA.T. Kearney in 2006, China and India hold the first and second position respectively, whereas United States has slipped to the third position. position. Types of FDI Greenfield Investment: direct investment in new facilities or the expansion of existing facilities. Greenfield investments are the primary target of a host nation's promotional efforts because they create new production capacity and jobs, transfer technology and know-how, and can lead to linkages to the global marketplace. However, it often does this by crowding out local industry; multinationals are able to produce goods more cheaply (because of advanced technology and efficient processes) and uses up resources (labor, intermediate goods, etc). Another downside of greenfield investment is that profits from production do not feed back into the local economy, but instead to the multinational's home economy. This is in contrast to local industries whose profits flow back into the domestic economy to promote growth. Mergers and Acquisitions: transfers of existing assets from local firms to foreign firms takes place; the primary type of FDI. Cross-border mergers occur when the assets and operation of firms from different countries are combined to establish a new legal entity. Cross-border acquisitions occur when the control of assets and operations is transferred from a local to a foreign company, with the local company becoming an affiliate of the foreign company. Unlike greenfield investment, acquisitions provide no long term benefits to the local economy-- even in most deals the owners of the local firm are paid in stock from the acquiring firm, meaning that the money from the sale could never reach the local economy. Nevertheless, mergers and acquisitions are a significant form of FDI and until around 1997, accounted for nearly 90% of the FDI flow into the United States. Horizontal Foreign Direct Investment: investment in the same industry abroad as a firm operates in at home. Vertical Foreign Direct Investment: is of two kinds: 1) backward vertical FDI: where an industry abroad provides inputs for a firm's domestic production process 2) forward vertical FDI: in which an industry abroad sells the outputs of a firm's domestic production FDI can also be categorized based on the motive behind the investment from the perspective of the investing firm: Resource Seeking: Investments which seek to acquire factors of production that are more efficient than those obtainable in the home economy of the firm. In some cases, these resources may not be available in the home e

Aviation Geography - Tourism in Asia-Pacific has had its challenges Essay

Aviation Geography - Tourism in Asia-Pacific has had its challenges but the growth has been significant in the past 15-20 years - Essay Example The country shows high recovery potential from the 2008 decline brought by the great recession. Receiving 6.8million international arrivals in 2012 up from 4.8 million received in 2008, the country has opted for diversification to ensure that it taps the Asian tourism potential better. Looking into the 2007 gross domestic product, tourism contributed 4.5 % of the total GDP. The country has thus focused more of the foreign direct investments on the tourism sector with an investment of over $94.2billion on tourism-related infrastructure. Inbound tourism in Vietnam registered a significant growth in 2013 compared to 2012. The growth has been attributed to the constant efforts by the government of Vietnam towards the administration of tourism. Through these efforts, the government seeks to make Vietnam the preferred tourism destination for international travellers. The Government through this programme undertook an initiative and organized the Da Nang International Fireworks Competition in Da Nang Province. The event was held on a five-day holiday for the country promoting both domestic and international tourism. The rising levels of disposable income among the Vietnamese people and the improving living standards have been credited as a major boost for local tourism in the country. Further, travelling has become more affordable owed to the increased tourism infrastructure, fostering both local and international tourism alike. According to the UNWTO (2015), the country was able to serve 9.6 million local tourists in th e 3months. The country also targets to receive 10-10.5 million visitors from across the globe and places its local tourism expectations to about 47-48million by the year 2020. The revenues from both are also expected to rise to about $18million or $19billion. The Vietnamese people have a rich history and several tourist destination

Globalism and increased Essay Example for Free

Globalism and increased Essay With the current trends that prevails within societies, globalism and increased connectedness has brought about considerable advantages for people to move and transfer from one destination and culture to another. The patterns then of ethnoscapes transcend to create better means for analyzing the role of individuals in the socialization process. Seeing this, such dynamics then becomes crucial as it shapes the dynamics of the social realm by tapping into social networks, connections, and brings about a new definition and meaning on how people perceive reality and the physical boundaries that bind people together. Applying the principle of ‘ethnoscape’ in my artwork, it can be argued that it seeks to complement the themes provided by the term. In particular, the two females in the picture demonstrate the connections and scope of how the process can be applied in the way people view the world today and its associated realities (Nowakoski, p. 1). The two females then justify the existing perspectives of how one can now transcend over common boundaries and become vital instruments in the development of an ‘ethnoscape’. To better understand this transition, it is first important to look at the woman in the background and determine her relevance of how the term ‘ethnoscape’ is applied. Here, it can be argued that the symbolism of the woman facing backwards and in fetal position exemplifies the relative constraint felt by people to move. There are specific boundaries that bind the woman to exhibit herself and become a vibrant individual in her own right. This analogy can then be related to the trends of the past, where common ideas of nation and government are dictated by the sovereignty and geographical proximities and boundaries of a given land. Here, the meaning of location and place denotes not where the people are but rather the particular standards and norms that derive the place as is (Nowakoski, p. 1). These constraints in meaning then emanate in the woman as she herself feels enclosed with what she has. In addition, she has a fixed boundary that is mandated by the location she is in. On the other hand, the foreground picture of the naked woman demonstrates the liberation from the traditional meanings of place and territory. Here, she portrays the idea of today’s ethnoscape where one is liberal and free to choose wherever she wished to go. In a way, this creates appropriate features as it allows the formulation of what she really wants. These in turn are not limited to the idea that she can only create networks via the use and application of place but rather transcend over territories and debunking the meaning and control that place-based networks have over individuals (Nowakoski, p. 1). Overall, the artwork is a depiction of a woman’s transcendence from the common boundaries dictated by location to a more connected and opens means to create networks and affiliations. Here, the idea of ‘ethnoscape’ becomes applied as it showcases the ability of the woman to recognize her abilities and not limiting her roots to mainly the geographical and land boundaries that bind people together. Work Cited Nowakoski, Pete. Transnationalism and Globalism. 1996 accessed 9 August 2010 from, http://english. emory. edu/Bahri/transnationalism. html

Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos Philippines Health And Social Care Essay

Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos Philippines Health And Social Care Essay Most of us just heard about diabetes but how much do we know about it. The thing that we only know that many people does have diabetes mellitus, and most of them are Filipinos. There Mellitus are more than 300,000 Filipinos who suffer from Diabetes Mellitus. In the United States, there are about 16 million diabetics and about 1800 new cases are diagnosed each year. Type I Diabetes, used to be called Juvenile Diabetes, is insulin-dependent (the persons pancreas does not produce insulin), meaning insulin injection is needed to treat the condition. It is medically known as IDDM (Insulin). Dependent Diabetes Mellitus, most commonly among persons younger than 30 years old associated obesity is not common. It accounts for 5 to 10% of all diabetics. Type II Diabetes is NIDDM (Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Melllitus), which can be treated by pills (sulfonyl ureas, antihyperglycemic drugs) rather than insulin, most commonly found Diabetes those who are older than 30, and associated obesity i s frequent. It accounts for majority (90 to 95%) of diabetics. The third type is Gestational Diabetes. Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which the pancreas no longer produces enough insulin or cells stop responding to the insulin that is produced, so that glucose in the blood cannot be absorbed into the cells of the body. Symptoms include frequent urination, lethargy, excessive thirst, and hunger. The treatment includes changes in diet, oral medications, and in some cases, daily injections of insulin. The most common form of diabetes is Type II, It is sometimes called age-onset or adult-onset diabetes, and this form of diabetes occurs most often in people who are overweight and who do not exercise. Type II is considered a milder form of diabetes because of its slow onset (sometimes developing over the course of several years) and because it usually can be controlled with diet and oral medication. The consequences of uncontrolled and untreated Type II diabetes, however, are the just as serious as those for Type I. This form is also called noninsulin-dependent diabetes, a term that is somewhat misleading. Many people with Type II diabetes can control the condition with diet and oral medications, however, insulin injections are sometimes necessary if treatment with diet and oral medication is not working. The causes of diabetes mellitus are unclear, however, there seem to be both hereditary (genetic factors passed on in families) and environmental factors involved. Research has shown that some people who develop diabetes have common genetic markers. In Type I diabetes, the immune system, the bodys defense system against infection, is believed to be triggered by a virus or another microorganism that destroys cells in the pancreas that produce insulin. In Type II diabetes, age, obesity, and family history of diabetes play a role. In Type II diabetes, the pancreas may produce enough insulin, however, cells have become resistant to the insulin produced and it may not work as effectively. Symptoms of Type II diabetes can begin so gradually that a person may not know that he or she has it. Early signs are lethargy, extreme thirst, and frequent urination. Other symptoms may include sudden weight loss, slow wound healing, urinary tract infections, gum disease, or blurred vision. It is not unusual for Type II diabetes to be detected while a patient is seeing a doctor about another health concern that is actually being caused by the yet undiagnosed diabetes. Education is the Cornerstone of Diabetic Therapy said by World Health Organization. We will try to see and enumerate in this study the dominance of Diabetes Mellitus Among Filipinos in the Philippines. B. Statement of the Problem The research aims to know the dominance of diabetes Mellitus and the different factors that affect a person specifically, the study sought to answer the following questions: Specifically the study sought to answer the following: How prevalent is the diabetes mellitus? Which type of diabetes is most common among Filipinos? Is diabetes hereditary? What are the signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus that occurs to all diabetic Filipinos? What are the things that can be done to treat Diabetes? C. Hypothesis There is very huge number of diabetic people and they are continuing to grow even more larger as expected, due to the different factors related to the illness. D. Significance of the Study The study is important for several reasons. Goverment officials of the Philippine Republic. The government officials will eventually know that one of the disease that kills a person is diabetes, and for them to give importance in giving a prioritize fund about it. Nursing Students. The students will realize the importance of taking good care of their self, especially their eating habits which is the most common reason of having Diabetes. Parents. The study will serve as guide to parents on how to manage the proper diet for their family knowing the study of diabetes Mellitus. Future Researchers. The research paper will help them to more about it in a concrete way. So that, they will be able to conduct a more efficient research on this. E. Scope and Delimitation The study aims to determine the dominance of diabetes among Filipinos here in the Philippines. Furthermore, this research explored the statistics of Filipinos who have Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetic Filipinos in Philippines are the only concerned population and it is limited to the study of Diabetes Mellitus. F. Materials and Methods G. Definition of Terms In order to have a clear view of the problem in this study, some terms considered relevant to the study have been made defined. Diabetes Mellitus. Often referred to simply as diabetes (Ancient Greek: ÃŽÂ ´ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ²ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ±ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¯ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ µÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ¹ÃƒÅ½Ã‚ ½ to pass through), is a syndrome of disordered metabolism, usually due to a combination of hereditary and environmental causes, resulting in abnormally high blood sugar levels (hyperglycemia). Diabetes type 1. Is usually diagnosed in children and young adults, and was previously known as juvenile diabetes. In type 1 diabetes, the body does not produce insulin. Insulin is a hormone that is needed to convert sugar (glucose), starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Insulin. A polypeptide hormone secreted by the islets of Langerhans and functioning in the regulation of the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats, especially the conversion of glucose to glycogen, which lowers the blood glucose level. Any of various pharmaceutical preparations containing this hormone that are derived from the pancreas of certain animals or produced through genetic engineering and are used in the medical treatment and management of diabetes mellitus Sulfonylurea. Any of a group of hypoglycemic drugs, such as tolbutamide, that act on the beta cells of the pancreas to increase the secretion of insulin. Anti-hyperglycemic Drug. A drug that helps to move out of the system the presence of an abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood. Gestational Diabetes. is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy. Microorganism. An organism of microscopic or submicroscopic size, especially a bacterium or protozoan. Pancreas. Secretes hormones that affect the level of sugar in the blood. These cells secrete: Glucagon-raises the level of glucose (sugar) in the blood Insulin-stimulates cells to use glucose Somatostatin-may regulate the secretion of glucagons and insulin. Hereditary. Transmitted or capable of being transmitted genetically from parent to offspring: a hereditary disease. E.g. Diabetes Mellitus. Lethargy. abnormal drowsiness : the quality or state of being lazy, sluggish, or indifferent. Chapter 2 Related Literature Many people are diagnose to have diabetes mellitus and there are also many people who didnt know that they have diabetes. The extent of its disease In Filipinos is really big. Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus among Filipinos Different statistic has been laid out by different people at different time. Administration [1] Four point one (4.1%) of Filipinos have diabetes mellitus. At the current estimate of the population, this means 2.5 million Filipinos with diabetes, with perhaps an equal number which remain undiagnosed. Administration [2] The health care Indicator statistics of the Department of Health has found that diabetes is the ninth leading cause of death in the Philippines, affecting 1 out of 25 Filipinos. As estimated 3.36 Million Filipinos are affected by the disease today. Leading cause of mortality by sex, number, rate/100,000 population and percentage Philippines, 2003.Diabtes Mellitus, Male-6,823, Females-7,373, number, rate-17.5% and a percentage of 3.6.This number is expected to rise to about 8 million after 20 years. Types of Diabetes most common among Filipinos Gonzales [3] There are two main types of diabetes mellitus: type 1 and type 2. There are several other specific types, but they occur rarely. There is also a type of diabetes, gestational diabetes mellitus that occurs during pregnancy. In this type of diabetes, the abnormality in sugar metabolism usually disappears after delivery although women who develop this condition are at a higher risk (30-60 percent) of developing diabetes later in life. Type 1 diabetes, which accounts for about five to 10 percent of all cases of diabetes, is an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease results when the body s defense system (immune system) against infection and other foreign substances turns awry and attacks the bodys own cells.Type 2 diabetes the type that afflicts your partner is the most common form of diabetes. It accounts for about 90-95 percent of all cases of diabetes mellitus. Initially, people diagnosed with this type of diabetes produce enough insulin, but for unknown reasons, the cells do not respond appropriately to it. Subsequently, over a period of years, insulin production by the pancreas decreases. Diabetes a Hereditary Gonzales [ 3] The risk of a person with a parent with type 2 diabetes of developing diabetes is about 15 percent if the parent was diagnosed before age 50 (as in the case of your husband) and seven to eight percent if the parent was diagnosed after age 50. If both parents have type 2 diabetes, the probability is about 40 percent. Signs And Symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus Manzella [4] Signs and symptoms of Diabetes Mellitus: Frequent trips to the bathroom, Unquenchable Thirst, Losing Weight Without Trying, Weakness and Fatigue, Tingling or Numbness in Your Hands, Legs or Feet, and Blurred vision, skin that is dry or itchy, frequent infections or cuts and bruises that take a long time to heal are also signs that something is amiss. Things done that leads to a better health even you have Diabetes. Administration [5] There is currently no cure for diabetes Mellitus. Diet, exercise, and careful monitoring of blood glucose levels are the keys to manage diabetes so that patients can live a relatively normal life. Diabetes can be life-threatening if not properly managed, so patients should not attempt to treat this condition without medical supervision. Treatment of diabetes focuses on two goals: keeping blood glucose within normal range and preventing the development of long-term complications. Alternative treatments cannot replace the need for insulin but they may enhance insulins effectiveness and may lower blood glucose levels. In addition, alternative medicines may help to treat complications of the disease and improve quality of life. References: A. Book Boulton, A. J. and Rayman, G. (2006). The Fact in Diabetes. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Limited. RD 563 B6 2006. Unger, U. M. D. (2001). Diabetes Management in Primary Care. Philadelphia, USA: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins a Wolters Kluwer Business. RC 660 U5 2007. Schwarts, S. L. (1989). Management of Diabetes Mellitus. Texas, USA: Essential Medical Information System, Inc. MS616 462 sch1m 1989. Drum, D. and Zierenberg, T. (2006). The Type II Diabetes Sourcebook. New York, USA: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. 616 462 D8447 2006. Frost, G. and Moses, R. (2003). Nutritional Management of Diabetes Mellitus. West Sussex, England: John Wiley and Sons Limited. 616.4620654 F92n 2003. Parriesh, D. and Machado, A. C. (2006). Healing Gourmet eat to beat Diabetes. New York, USA: Medical Meals, Inc. 616.4620654 d197H 2006. B. Article Pultante, Jr. Diabetic Foot Care, Manila Bulletin, (August 17, 2002). p.11-13. Gonzales, Dr. Eduardo G. Diabetes Mellitus, Manila Bulletin, (August 23, 2005). p. C-4 Ramirez, Carlo Gerando. Therapy Option for Type I Diabetes, Manila Bulletin, (February 25, 2002). p. 1 Mercado, Charmaine. How to Help a loved one with a medical condition, Health Today, (December 2003). p. 50-51. Tacio, Elena D. Diabetes: Hidden Epidemic, Philippine Panorama, (August 3, 2003). p.19 Sy, Gary S. What is Diabetes Mellitus?, Manila Bulletin, (August 21, 2002). p.11-12. Mamanglu, Shianee. Juvenile Diabetes cases rising in RP, Manila Bulletin, (March 28, 2000). p.23. Gonzales, Eduardo G. A Primer on Diabetes Mellitus, Manila Bulletin, (July 16, 2007). p. C-5. Fox, Maggie. New drug study raises worries, Manila Bulletin, (May 23, 2007). p.11, B-12. Sy, Gary s. Understanding Diabetes and its Complications, Manila Bulletin, (January 25, 2008). p.11, B-18. Lopez, Estrellita. Diabetes and Diet, Life Today, (June 2001). p.15. Tacio, Henrylite D. Taking Diabetes More Seriously, Manila Bulletin, (October 21, 2003). p.32-33. Lansang, Segundo L. Diabetes, A Brief History, Life Today, (June 2001). Calcimon, Nerissa V. Nature of Diabetes, Life Today, (June 2001). Lopez, Estrellita. Treatment of Diabetes, Life Today, (June 2001). Salazar, Tessa R. 2-M-1 Pill for Diabetes, Philippine Daily Inquirer, (April 22, 2006). p. B-6. Puyalte, Jose.Now that youre Diabetic, Womens Journal, (April 9, 2001). p.11. Moseh, Terry L. WHO: Diabetes, a health threat, Manila Bulletin, (November 27, 2005). p.H-2. Gomez, Ma. Congee S. Beware: Diabetes the New Health Scare, Womens Journal, (August 24, 1996). p.40-41. C. Electronic Media Manriquez, D.J.: Diabetes Melltus.2008. Diabetes Profile. February 22, 2009 Manzella, D. : Top Warning Signs of Diabetes December 15, 2008. Diabetes Mellitus. P., Erlich H.A ET. Al. The association of class 1 and II alleles with type I diabetes among Filipinos June 2002. Diabetes rising among Filipinos. February 22, 2009. http://article.wn.com/view/2008/11/11/Diabetes_rising_among_Filipinos Philippine Inquirer  ¶ Diabetes Mellitus Case Study. May 15, 2008. http://nursinocrib.com/diabetes_mellitus_case_study Treatments for Diabetes Alternative. Medicine February 22, 2009http://www.shirleys_wellness_cafe.com/diabetes.htm. Diabetes Mellitus. Februaty 22, 2009. www.diabetes center.org.ph/?fid=education Februaty 22, 2009

Voice in Writing Essay -- Writing Write Education Papers

Voice in Writing There are many different forms and styles used in writing. Writing is a form of communication that is used to document and express ideas people have. Through the years as people grow and learn knew ways of writing, writing awareness of a person will evolve into a much higher level of thinking. From the first term paper a person writes in high school to the papers they hand in at the college level, the writing will have matured over the years. The authors of writing develop new and more sophisticated ways in expressing themselves through the words they use in writing. Throughout history writers have found ways in which they can achieve the goals of gaining the readers attention and keep them interested. A good form of literature doesn't just write out on paper by itself, much preparation and ideas need to be worked out before it is finished. An author can improve his or her writing by giving thought to different ways of expressing their writing. One way of improving their writing is b y using voice. Voice can offer writers different ways of explaining their thoughts. The voice the author gives to the writing is one of the most important ways writers can express what they want the reader to hear in the paper. There are many different styles of voice a author can choose from to use in his or her writing. Whether it is fiction or nonfiction, voice gives the reader a sense of who is talking. Voice can also be important in the explanation of the subject matter the author is trying to get across to the reader. By choosing a particular voice to explain a certain subject the reader may correspond better to that voice and understand what the writer is saying. The voice the author chooses should fit with the writing,... ...d in schools. This could be one explanation why so many students find them boring to read. Without voice there is no emotion shown by the writer about the subject presented. Without any voice in the writing, the reader can have a hard time finding the material interesting. In order to find it interesting the reader needs to find the subject interesting. Voice usually is not used in texts because the voice can influence the reader and not present just the facts. Voice can be a very important feature in writing. Voice can be used by writers to give their writing more meaning. Voice can have influence over the reader, which can make it useful for the writer. Voice can be represented in many ways and gives the writer different options of its usage. If a writer has not worked with voice before in his or her writing, it maybe to their advantage to experiment with it. Voice in Writing Essay -- Writing Write Education Papers Voice in Writing There are many different forms and styles used in writing. Writing is a form of communication that is used to document and express ideas people have. Through the years as people grow and learn knew ways of writing, writing awareness of a person will evolve into a much higher level of thinking. From the first term paper a person writes in high school to the papers they hand in at the college level, the writing will have matured over the years. The authors of writing develop new and more sophisticated ways in expressing themselves through the words they use in writing. Throughout history writers have found ways in which they can achieve the goals of gaining the readers attention and keep them interested. A good form of literature doesn't just write out on paper by itself, much preparation and ideas need to be worked out before it is finished. An author can improve his or her writing by giving thought to different ways of expressing their writing. One way of improving their writing is b y using voice. Voice can offer writers different ways of explaining their thoughts. The voice the author gives to the writing is one of the most important ways writers can express what they want the reader to hear in the paper. There are many different styles of voice a author can choose from to use in his or her writing. Whether it is fiction or nonfiction, voice gives the reader a sense of who is talking. Voice can also be important in the explanation of the subject matter the author is trying to get across to the reader. By choosing a particular voice to explain a certain subject the reader may correspond better to that voice and understand what the writer is saying. The voice the author chooses should fit with the writing,... ...d in schools. This could be one explanation why so many students find them boring to read. Without voice there is no emotion shown by the writer about the subject presented. Without any voice in the writing, the reader can have a hard time finding the material interesting. In order to find it interesting the reader needs to find the subject interesting. Voice usually is not used in texts because the voice can influence the reader and not present just the facts. Voice can be a very important feature in writing. Voice can be used by writers to give their writing more meaning. Voice can have influence over the reader, which can make it useful for the writer. Voice can be represented in many ways and gives the writer different options of its usage. If a writer has not worked with voice before in his or her writing, it maybe to their advantage to experiment with it.

Amnesia: Who Are You Anyway? Essay -- Biology Essays Research Papers

Amnesia: Who Are You Anyway? "Should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the prince's past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, every one sees he would be the same person with the prince, accountable only for the prince's actions: but who would say it was the same man?" --"Of Identity and Diversity", John Locke "Where am I? How did I get here?" "You were in a car accident last night. You're in the hospital, but you will be fine" "Accident? What accident? And who are you?" "Don't you know who I am? I'm your little sister." Sound familiar? How about another scenario? "Ladies and gentlemen of the jury, my client has been under the influence of some form of memory loss at the time of the murder. Studies and tests have proved that this is the case. Therefore, ladies and gentlemen, can we imprison a man for committing a crime for which he has no knowledge of recollecting?" These two scenarios depict typical instances of patients with amnesia or at least claim to have amnesia. Amnesia means a loss of memory from a failure of some part of the memory system (1). It is defined as a special case of forgetting, since the loss of memory is greater than expected under ordinary circumstances (2). In severe cases of amnesia, memory loss can result from a two-sided or bilateral (both hemispheres) damage to parts of the brain vital for memory storage, processing, or recall. These parts involve the limbic system, which includes of the hippocampus in the medial temporal lobe of the brain) (1). The hippocampus encodes memory for events and episodes. Memories, either short term or long term, are not stored in the hippocampus. But instead, information gets pro... ...duced Blandness... http://www.macalester.edu/~psych/whathap/diaries/diariesf96/Kai/diary12.html 4)TRAUMATIC AMNESIA, REPRESSION, AND HIPPOCAMPUS INJURY DUE TO EMOTIONAL STRESS, CORTICOSTEROIDS AND ENKEPHALINS http://www.brain/ 5)Amnesia http://psych.colorado.edu/~dhuber/p2145/amnesia.html 6)Amnesia http://empresas.mundivia.es/braincenter/Amnesia.htm 7)Memory Impairment: The Amnesia, COMMENTS ABOUT IT http://www.tbilaw.com/AboutMildBrain16.html 8)Amnesia http://www.tbilaw.com/AboutMildBrain16.html 9)Briefing Notes: Amnesia http://www.ntu.ac.uk/soc/bscpsych/memory/amnbrief.htm 10)Children with amnesia cast new light on memory and learning http://expressindia.com/ie/daily/19970720/20150363.html 11)" Perry, John. Personal Identity. "John Locke: Of Identity and Diversity." University of California Press: Los Angeles, 1975. "

Analyzing Internet Sources

The first and more important thing I learned was to look for credible sources. One way to do this is to look for bias and opinion. You should look for sources that are based solely on facts and will not attempt to shape your opinion of the topic when you read it. Another thing is to make sure you find your information in other sources to verify it is true and correct. Remember that it is difficult to spot credible sources online. Another thing to keep on mind are legal issues regarding copyright and plagiarism. Just because something is online does not mean it is unprotected. I will use these practices by making sure that I do more extensive research when I find something online. Just because it is there doesn’t make it true. I want to stay free of any problems of that nature and make my work reflect my abilities as a student. How can you determine if the information on a website is reputable and worthwhile for a research paper? Why is Wikipedia not an acceptable academic source? You can determine if the information is reputable and worthwhile by first looking at the URL. Most of the time if it ends with . edu or . gov it will be a good one. Also, another good thing to do is to research the authors and their credentials. You want to know who is writing this information and how qualified they really are. Another good tip is to look at the date. Let’s say you are writing about something that happened recently. There can be new developments on the story daily and you want all your information to be up to date and correct. Wikipedia is not an acceptable academic source because it is an open source of information. That information is not monitored at any time and can be posted by anybody. Some people even go on Wikipedia and say they are an anonymous writer. How can you know it’s true if you don’t know who wrote it?

Promoting Public Health Health And Social Care Essay

This written principle will place and explicate the necessity for the publicity of public wellness and physical activity. It will show an apprehension of the function, map and scenes of public wellness and physical activity publicity by national, regional and local bureaus. It will besides analyze and measure the wellness related theoretical accounts and attacks to public wellness and physical activity publicity.What is Health?There are many definitions for Health. Health means different things to different people, if person does n't imbibe and smoke so they believe that they are healthy, or if they eat a good balanced diet for illustration. The chief most know definition of wellness is from the World Health Organization. World Health Organisation provinces: ‘Health is a province of complete physical, mental, and societal well being, and non simply the absence of disease or frailty. Health is a dynamic status ensuing from a organic structure ‘s changeless accommodation and version in response to emphasiss and alterations in the environment for keeping an interior equilibrium called homeostasis. ‘ World Health Organisation ( 2003 ) This definition nevertheless has non been amended since 1948.What is Health Promotion?Health publicity involves activities to better single and community ‘s wellness and prevent disease. Health publicity activities offer solutions to many of the wellness jobs confronting society through developing accomplishments and cognition, community action, supportive environments, healthy public policy and reorienting wellness services. Health publicity works towards enabling people to increase control over, and better their wellness. With a important proportion of ill-health related to picks about nutrition, exercising, the usage of legal and illegal substances, interpersonal relationships and other societal behaviors, wellness publicity can assist us do picks that support wellbeing. The characteristics of wellness publicity are that it is based on a holistic position of wellness ; it uses participatory attacks it focuses on turn toing the determiners of wellness, non merely wellness jobs. These include the societal, behavioral, economic and environmental conditions that are the root cause of wellness and unwellness such as income, societal position, instruction, employment and working conditions, it builds on bing strengths and assets and it uses multiple, complementary schemes to advance wellness at the person ( downstream ) , community and population ( upstream ) degree.Why is wellness publicity needed?There are frights that the recent coevals and their kids ‘s coevals will age less successfully than the current older one – no surprise given that, although rates of coffin nail smoke are falling, more people are imbibing to a great extent, merely a minority of grownups exercise frequently plenty to keep good wellness and fleshiness rates have great ly increased over the last 20 old ages. Fleshiness is a chief wellness issue which can take to other wellness jobs such as diabetes, high cholesterin, high blood pressure, joint hurting, Nursing Times ( 2009 ) states that ‘these wellness issues can be prevented or delayed by lifestyle steps. A wellness publicity bundle would enable grownups of all ages to take happier and healthier lives. ‘ Around two-thirds of the England population are overweight or corpulent. Fleshiness has grown by about 400 % in the last 25 old ages and on present tendencies will shortly excel smoke as the greatest cause of premature loss of life. ( NHS Dudley, 2012 ) Fleshiness is associated with many wellness jobs including coronary bosom disease, diabetes, kidney failure, degenerative arthritis, back hurting and psychological harm. The strong association between fleshiness and malignant neoplastic disease has merely late come to visible radiation. ( Dodds, 2009 ) Dodds ( 2009 ) estimates the economic costs of fleshiness cautiously at & A ; lb ; 3.3-3.7 billion per twelvemonth and of fleshiness plus corpulence at & A ; lb ; 6.6-7.4 billion. Health publicity for fleshiness is particularly of import because it can assist take down the hazards of many other wellness conditions which so cuts down the economic costs in the hereafter by educating people on the right nutrient and exercising and besides behaviour alteration techniques.Why do we necessitate to Promote Mental Health?Mental wellness publicity does stay the most developing country of wellness publicity even though there is an increasing acknowledgment that ‘there is no wellness without mental wellness ‘ Christodoul ( 2009 ) . Positive mental wellness involves self-prides, being able to work out jobs and the ability to accommodate to emphasize. The demand for positive mental wellness publicity is good and relevent for everyone. Its of import to emphasize to policy shapers and professionals to understand that mental wellness and mental well-being are issues of mundane life. Therefore positive mental wellness demands the coordinated action by all concerned ; through the media, the authorities, local governments, the industry, voluntary administration and through wellness and societal and economic sectors. Most of the clip when people think of mental wellness they look at it in a negative manner, nevertheless this is non the instance. ‘Mental wellness is non merely the absence of mental unwellness. It is defined as a province of wellbeing in which every person realises his or her ain potency, can get by with the normal emphasiss of life, can work fruitfully and productively, and is able to do a part to his or her community. ‘ ( Mental Health Ireland 2013 ) Mental Health is about how people feel about themselves, how they feel about others and how they are able to run into the demands of life. Mental wellness publicity is of import because me mental wellness contributes to all facets of human life, it has of import, less of import and indispensable values for the person, society and civilization. Mental wellness has a shared relationship with the well-being and productiveness of a society and its members. Mental wellness is indispensable for the well-being and operation of all persons. Mental wellness is indispensable for the wellbeing and operation of persons. Good mental wellness is an of import resource for persons, households, communities, and states. Mental wellness, as an indivisible portion of general wellness, contributes to the maps of society, and has an consequence on overall productiveness. Mental wellness concerns everyone as it is generated in our mundane lives in places, schools, workplaces, and in leisure activities. Positive mental wellness contributes to the societal, human, and economic capital of every society. Spiritualty it can do a important part to mental wellness publicity and mental wellness influences religious life. ( World Health Organization, p.21 2004 ) Mental wellness can be regarded as an single resource, which contributes to person ‘s quality of life ; an facet of good mental wellness is the capacity for reciprocally fulfilling and digesting relationships. There is turning grounds that societal coherence is critical for the economic prospering of communities and this relationship appears to be mutual.The function of Health PromotionBehavioral Alterationsin Health PromotionDecision

Brain Development Essay

The first eight years of a child’s life are not only the most important years of a child’s life, but also the most rapid period of human development throughout a human life. These years are critical to the emotional and physical growth of a child. By the age of four, half of a person’s intelligence potential has already been developed and early childhood experiences can have a lasting effect on personality, behavior, and learning. (Early, 2001) These first eight years of life are broken down into the first two years, early childhood, and middle childhood. Throughout these three stages of life, the brain does most of its developing and determines the life that person will lead. The developing of a child’s brain falls upon the interactions and experiences a child has with its parents and any other primary caregivers in the beginning of life. During the first two years of a child’s life, a lot occurs in their brain which is essential to their life. Whe n a child is born, about seventy percent of their neurons are located in their cortex. (Berger, 2010) In an infant, the cortex is made up of thin layers of tissues that cover the brain and make the thought process possible. The layers related to the basic senses tend to mature pretty early in an infant’s life, but the prefrontal cortex is one that matures late. The prefrontal cortex is responsible for anticipation, planning, and impulse control and is practically inoperative during the first few months of life. It doesn’t start to mature until childhood and continues to through adolescence and adulthood. (Boyd, 2010) Areas of the brain are very important for basic needs to live such as breathing and heartbeat deep in the skull. Emotions and impulses are controlled somewhere in the middle of the brain and perception and cognition are in the cortex. Even though at birth the brain contains more neurons than it needs, it contains fewer dendrites and synapses than it will obtain throughout life. In the cortex, the growth of synapses, axons, and dendrites takes place quickly in the first months and years of an infant’s life. This causes the brain weight to triple by the age of two. In addition, five times as many dendrites and one hundred trillion synapses are present by the age of two. This large growth of dendrites is followed by pruning. Pruning is the process by which unused connections in the brain atrophy and die, so that new ones can grow. (Berger, 2010) Pruning is very important in the development of a healthy  brain. If there is too much or too little pruning going on, problems can oc cur. When there is too little pruning, children make have intellectual disabilities that makes thinking difficult, such as autism. When there is too much pruning, it can lead to a reduction of brain activity. (Berger, 2010) Infant brains to not develop correctly if they lack certain experiences that all humans need, such as stimulation. Babies need to be played with and talked to during their first years in order to encourage movement and allow sensations. If babies are not talked to or played with, it can stunt the brain. Infants are satisfied with even the most simple objects and facial expressions. Human brains are designed to grow and adapt with whatever object they have available and whoever provides them with every day attention. Every baby will go through a stressful experience here and there, but it is patterns of mistreatment that harm their brain, not moments. (Berger, 2010) The most important parts of the brain develop during early childhood. Between the ages of two and six, planning, thinking, social awareness, and language occur in the cortex. It is during early childhood when the prefrontal cortex starts to mature. This allows young children to begin to plan ahead and even think about the past. (Berger, 2010) The biggest increase in brain weight after the first two years is because of myelination. Myelination continues for years and it is a life-long process, but is most apparent in early childhood. It speeds the transmission of nerve impulses between neurons and becomes pivotal when multiple thoughts and actions have to take place all at once. (Boyd, 2010) By time m ost children turn six, they can see object and name them, catch a ball and throw it, and write and say their ABC’s in order. It is important that when children are doing these things, that the adults in their lives are patient. The only way children are going to learn how to tie their shoes, write their name, or get dressed, is if they do it on their own with a little help from a parent. If a parent is constantly yelling at a child to hurry or take over, their child will always think that they can’t do it by themselves. (Berger, 2010) In early childhood, children have the tendency to stick to a thought for a long time instead of switching to another. This is why children at this stage have difficulty sorting objects. Once a child is told to sort something by color and do it correctly, if they are told to next sort by shape, they try to sort by color again. However, something in  the brain matures between ages three and five that allows children to grow out of perseveration. (Berger, 2010) The corpus callosum grows rapidly during early childhood. This long, thick band of nerve fibers that connects the left and right sides of the brain ,make communication between the hemispheres better and allows children to coordinate both sides of the brain and the body. (Boyd, 2010) If the corpus callosum does not mature, it could result in serious disorders such as autism. It is important that children can coordinate both sides of the brain because both sides are normally involved in every skill, even though both sides do diff erent things. (Berger, 2010) The amygdala, the hippocampus, and the hypothalamus are crucial to emotional expression and regulation during early childhood. The amygdala registers positive and negative emotion, including fear. Increased activity in the amygdala can cause young children to have nightmares or phobias. (Berger, 2010) Located next to the amygdala, the hippocampus is in control of memory. Children are able to remember memories they had at certain locations that will follow them through adulthood. The hypothalamus responds to symbols from both of these parts of the brain. The hypothalamus produces a hormone called cortisol to activate parts of the brain and body. As all three of these parts of the brain develop, children pay close attention to their parents’ emotions. If they sense that their parent is scared or worried, they will also develop fear. (Berger, 2010) Brain maturation in young children is advanced, but like in infants, experience and parental relationships has an impact too. Brain maturation only increases more throughout middle childhood. Since the brain has no areas specific for reading like it does for talking, gestures, and expressions, humans have to learn to read on their own. This is possible because of massive interconnections between the parts of the brain that deal with sounds, vision, and comprehending. (Berger, 2010) These â€Å"massive interconnections† are not only needed for reading but for many other social skills as well. Several parts of the brain connect to enable for many activities, reading, writing, logic, and social decisions. Children require more connections than adults because they often use more parts of their brain for activities than adults do. (Boyd, 2010) The older that children get, the quicker their reaction time gets. In middle childhood, children are more efficient learners because of their more speedy reactions. In addition  to thinking quickly, children are able to pay more attention in middle childhood. As children get older, they get better at concentrating on one stimuli and ignoring others. They are more able to focus on one thing and not get distracted by others. This usually happens by the age of seven. (Berger, 2010) In middle childhood children also learn how to do math. They adopt newer, better strategies to solve math problems. Although they aren’t always perfect, they can usually find the right answer. In children during middle adulthood they may know the answer one day, but it isn’t permanently in their brain and they may not know they answer the next day. (Berger, 2010) Another way children advance in middle childhood is through memory. They are better at connecting their past knowledge to what they are doing in that moment. Children realize that some things should be remembered and they begin to strategies like repeating themselves in order to remember them. Th ey also use strategies like visual clues such as remember how a word looks or auditory clues like remembering how a word sounds. In middle childhood children’s memory becomes more adaptive and they are able to learn from their parents, teachers, and friends. (Berger, 2010) From the time children are born until they reach adolescence they are developing rapidly in their brain and bodies. Although most of the development of the brain during childhood is genetic, it is so important for parents to interact with their children, be patient with them, teach them new things, and set the best example they can for their children so they can become healthy adults. Brain development doesn’t stop after childhood, but continues to develop throughout adulthood. Almost all of the brain development takes place during childhood and the first several years of a person’s life are the most important to their personality and their future. â€Å"References† Early Childhood Development: The Key to a Full and Productive Life. New York: UNICEF, 2001. PDF. (Early, 2001) Berger, Kathleen Stassen. Invitation to the Life Span. Second ed. New York: Worth, 2010. Print. (Berger, 2010) Boyd, Denise Roberts., and Helen L. Bee. The Growing Child. Boston: Allyn & Bacon, 2010. Print. (Boyd, 2010)

Antrax Island essays

Antrax Island essays In the article Soviets Leave Anthrax Legacy by Bruce Finley, Mr. Finley states how we are affected today by the Cold War 11 years ago. From what Finley says in this article, Muynoq, an island in Uzbekistan, has enough supervirulent brown powder to extinguish humanity. Soviet scientists tested very deadly bio-weapons there. This is a problem for Americans today because the Aral Sea is shrinking. This means that the Aral Sea is leaving a land bridge to the north that can spread anthrax. Also, this is a possibility for terrorists to reach this island, and spread anthrax. There are several arguments for and against the U.S. paying to clean up the damage in and around the Aral sea. Although it wasnt the U.S. who caused this, and it is not in the United States, it is an obligation because the U.S. is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, and can be doing the world a great favor by cleaning up this mess, and preventing the spread of anthrax throughout the world. I would advise Presi dent Bush to clean up the mess. It is important for him to do this because the U.S. is trying to prevent terrorism, and this is a great way to do it. It will prevent the world from getting sick as well. Although Soviets should be responsible for cleaning this up, it is advisable for the U.S. to take action, and help clean up the world. ...

Free Essays on The American Form Of Government Has Gone To The Detrimental Extreme In Advancing Individualism

What is capitalism's essential nature? The essential nature of capitalism is social harmony through the pursuit of self-interest. Under capitalism, the individual's pursuit of his own economic self-interest simultaneously benefits the economic self-interests of all others. In allowing each individual to act unhampered by government regulations, capitalism causes wealth to be created in the most efficient manner possible which ultimately raises the standard of living, increases the economic opportunities, and makes available an ever growing supply of products for everyone. The free-market operates in such a way so that as one man creates more wealth for himself, he simultaneously creates more wealth and opportunities for everyone else, which means that as the rich become richer, the poor become richer. It must be understood that capitalism serves the economic self-interests of all, including the non-capitalists. Contrary to widely held beliefs, capitalism is not a system which exploits a large portion of society for the sake of a small minority of wealthy capitalists. Ironically, it is actually socialism that causes the systematic exploitation of labor. Since the socialist state holds a universal monopoly on labor and production, no economic incentive exists for the socialist state to provide anything more than minimum physical subsistence for the workers except to perhaps prevent riots or revolutions. Exploitation is inherent to the nature of socialism because individuals cannot live for their own sake, rather, they exist merely as means to whatever ends the socialist rulers the self-proclaimed spokesman of "society," may have in mind.1 What is capitalism? Laissez faire capitalism means the complete separation of economy and state, just like the separation of church and state. Capitalism is the social system based upon private ownership of the means of production which entails a completely uncontrolled and unregulated economy w... Free Essays on The American Form Of Government Has Gone To The Detrimental Extreme In Advancing Individualism Free Essays on The American Form Of Government Has Gone To The Detrimental Extreme In Advancing Individualism What is capitalism's essential nature? The essential nature of capitalism is social harmony through the pursuit of self-interest. Under capitalism, the individual's pursuit of his own economic self-interest simultaneously benefits the economic self-interests of all others. In allowing each individual to act unhampered by government regulations, capitalism causes wealth to be created in the most efficient manner possible which ultimately raises the standard of living, increases the economic opportunities, and makes available an ever growing supply of products for everyone. The free-market operates in such a way so that as one man creates more wealth for himself, he simultaneously creates more wealth and opportunities for everyone else, which means that as the rich become richer, the poor become richer. It must be understood that capitalism serves the economic self-interests of all, including the non-capitalists. Contrary to widely held beliefs, capitalism is not a system which exploits a large portion of society for the sake of a small minority of wealthy capitalists. Ironically, it is actually socialism that causes the systematic exploitation of labor. Since the socialist state holds a universal monopoly on labor and production, no economic incentive exists for the socialist state to provide anything more than minimum physical subsistence for the workers except to perhaps prevent riots or revolutions. Exploitation is inherent to the nature of socialism because individuals cannot live for their own sake, rather, they exist merely as means to whatever ends the socialist rulers the self-proclaimed spokesman of "society," may have in mind.1 What is capitalism? Laissez faire capitalism means the complete separation of economy and state, just like the separation of church and state. Capitalism is the social system based upon private ownership of the means of production which entails a completely uncontrolled and unregulated economy w...

The United States 1919 1941 Essays

The United States 1919 1941 Essays The United States 1919 1941 Essay The United States 1919 1941 Essay In source A I am going to analyse the strengths and weaknesses of Roosevelts role in the new deal. Source A is taken from From America in the Twentieth Century, an American textbook by James T Patterson, 1918. This is a secondary source probably based on many primary sources as the writer wasnt around at the time of the events. It shows the entire warm hearted and a good side of Roosevelt. It lacks detail and mainly shows Opinion one side biased which is a weakness. However it does provide a clear point of view on Roosevelt and the new deal, its easy to understand although the language is rather over the top. It is also very informative and talks about fireside chats answering the avalanche of mail. Source E shows figures from the United States government. This is a primary source as the figures were made at the time of the events. The figures show the percentage of unemployed from 1929 to 1933. During 1933 Roosevelt said he was going to get the American economy started and introduce the new deal. Unemployment rises due to depression. In 1934 unemployment starts to drop due to the new deal, but in 1938 Roosevelt stopped the money coming into businesses causing unemployment to rise again. Eventually Roosevelt realised this and put the money back in, unemployment the decreased. Source F is a leaflet printed and circulated by an American Company, around 1936. It is a view of the new deals impact on the USA and is an unreliable source as the figures shown are far from accurate. Source E is useful to historians because it shows you just how badly the Wall Street crash effected unemployment in Britain, it shows how much increase happened over the years and what exactly had an impact on the percentage. It also shows that the new deal did help unemployment a lot and worked and could mean the new deal can be supported; this is a positive and reliable source. Source F in my opinion is not a very reliable source and is negative. It is mocking and making fun of the new deal, many Americans would have loved to work but 60 000 000 was not allowed as companies believed in Laissez Faire and objected to the support from trade unions in attempt to boost their wages, they also opposed to the codes of fair competition. Both sources are useful for different reasons; source E for showing how the new deal helped unemployment and source F for showing not everyone liked the new deal. In my opinion Roosevelt was bold but could have been bolder. To be bold is to be brave, courageous and confident. By looking at source A you know straight away Roosevelt was a bold person as it describes him as having an air of confidence and he helped the ordinary people who were perhaps not as brave. The quote in source B he told people what he was going to do and he did it gives us evidence he had the ability and confidence a president should have. Source D is not very reliable as it is only a photograph and does not have any information, however it does show Roosevelt being brave and meeting new people. Source F is propaganda, and shows people thought Roosevelt was too bold and was left the only person working because of his interfering. Source G is a pamphlet by the American Liberty league and was formed in 1934 by a group of businessmen and politicians, it claims that the new is begging the unfit to be more unfit and that nothing could threaten the American people as seriously as the new deal. Source H gives us a view of prosperity in the USA. It is a poster which is part of a campaign financed by big companies in the USA in 1936. It suggests people are better off without Roosevelt, they thought the worlds highest standard of living was theres no way like the American way. From my own knowledge I know that many people felt let down by the new deal. Yes the number of unemployment did decrease but it was still a high percentage as shown in source E, and lives of black people and farm workers who lived in areas affected by the dust bowl were still very unpleasant and hard. Huey long was one of the three people who opposed strongly to the new deal and Roosevelt, he was perhaps Roosevelts rival, he became popular by bribing the Americans saying if they elected him to be president he would vow to give each of them between $500 and $4000 from $3 000 000 worth of his personal fortunes, (on average an American would get $2000 a year!). In my opinion Roosevelt did work hard but he could have worked harder to improve the lives of everyone, most importantly black people and farm workers. He was bold, but not bold enough. Nonetheless people should be grateful and give him gratitude for the help and support he did give them.

Honda Civic EX vs Honda Civic Hybrid Fuel Mileage

Honda Civic EX vs Honda Civic Hybrid Fuel Mileage Here at Hybrid Cars and Alt Fuels, we field a lot of questions about hybrids, and probably the most common of all is simply, Are they really worth it? Do hybrids really get that much better fuel mileage than regular carsand is it enough to justify their price premium? Well, we always do a number crunch as part of our hybrid reviews, but weve never actually done a real side-by-side comparison, instead relying on EPA mileage estimates of the non-hybrid versus our observed hybrid model fuel mileage to draw conclusions. This works pretty well, but the more I (Scott) thought about it, the more I wanted to do a little street test of my own to see whats what in the real world. So, I needed a car that is offered in both conventional and hybrid drivetrains, and I needed to put them both through the same types of driving conditionsand carefully track all datato get as close as possible to an apples-to-apples comparison. This testorama would give me a good solid no arguments here body of data to unequivocally say X car in hybrid dress performed this way against X car with a regular engine. Having recently completed a test drive of the 2008 Honda Civic Hybrid (in which I did extensive fuel mileage tracking), I decided that this car and its popular and efficient (and comparably equipped) brother, the Honda Civic EX, would be my guinea pigs. Honda agreed and sent over a beautiful Alabaster Silver 2008 Civic EX sedan, and I commenced to drive. I was pretty confident that Id be able to handily beat the EPA estimates in the EX by simply employing some of my favorite Thrifty-Drive techniquesthe same I used when test driving the Civic Hybrid. Ive been steadily honing these skills over the years and its gotten to the point that I can best the EPAs numbers by 15 percent or more for any given vehicle. I just slow down and drive gently, which ironically enough, gets me there in just about the same amount of time as aggressive yellow-light-running driving does, but at a much better bang-for-the-buck-for-the-minute rate. The Drivetrains Honda Civic EX: My tester EX came outfitted with the standard 140 hp 1.8-liter iVTEC 4-cylinder engine and optional 5-speed automatic transmission. Its a nice package with plenty of power and great fuel economy numbers, thanks to Hondas thrifty variable valve timing scheme. The EPA gives the EX 25/36/29 city/highway/combined ratings. Honda Civic Hybrid: The hybrid version gets its very own purpose-built drivetrain package consisting of a 110 hp 1.3-liter 4-cylinder engine and electric motor combination that transfers power to the wheels through a CVT transmission. EPA ratings for this package come in at 40/45/42 city/highway/combined. For more info on how this unique drivetrain works, see our 2008 Honda Civic Hybrid test drive and review. The Tests Because of the nature of pure city driving, with its short distances between numerous starts and stops, its difficult to employ Thrifty-Drive techniques and improve on EPA ratings. For this reason, I limited my mileage compares to all-highway and then combined (an assortment of roadways and traffic conditions) situations, and I further divided them by eco-styles and normal styles. I suppose at this point, its important to define what I call normal driving. In short, its aggressive behavior that I observe during my daily travels out on the roads with thousands of other motorists: jack rabbit starts ... not slowing (or worse, accelerating) on highway exit ramps ... speeding to stop signs (and then jamming-on the brakes at the last moment) ... and of course, my favorite shake-my-head-maneuver, constantly jockeying and darting to get ahead of the next guy. The Four Tests and Results All mileage numbers are expressed in miles per gallon: Normal combined jaunts driving like normal motorists described above. EX32.2, Hybrid41.5 Normal highway long freeway runs using no cruise and changing lanes frequently to keep pace with the fastest traffic (usually between 75 and 80 mph). EX36.6, Hybrid49.1 Eco combined everyday trips using the eco-techniques described in Scotts Thrifty-Drive. EX37.4, Hybrid48.7 Eco highway long highway jaunts with cruise set at a steady 61 mph. EX42.3, Hybrid54.7 Interpreting the Results These test results leave little doubt that the Honda Civic (hybrid or no) gets excellent fuel economy. Even when driven hard, I still was able to pretty much beat EPA ratings across-the-board. My experience has usually been that the more fuel-efficient a vehicle is, the less adversely its fuel economy is affected by aggressive driving habits. Conversely, economy cars respond better to eco-driving techniques than their large, less efficient counterparts. While both cars responded well to eco-driving, the EX did a little better in the combined mileage tests, whereas the hybrid aced the highway improvements. What gives here? It seems to me that the engine-only EX is more readily influenced by easy driving/light throttle techniques in combined roadway conditions where the engine could/would be more taxed during frequent acceleration. On the highway, a steady throttle can only do so much. On the other hand, on combined roadways in the hybrid, the electric motor mitigates some of the drivers influence for easing load on the engine (the hybrid system does it automatically). But on the open highway, the combination of the engines cylinder deactivation and steady electric motor assist allows the engine to work with minimal fuel use. So, Is the Hybrid Civic Really Worth It? In most cases, I think so, and under the right conditions, absolutely. Just look at the fuel mileage numbers. The hybrid bested the EX in every category, some by a larger percentage than others. Depending on the types of driving conditions/styles the Civic Hybrid owner would most regularly encounter, pay back time will likely fall within a four to six and a half year period of ownership. (Based upon $3055 hybrid price premium, $525 hybrid tax credit *ends 12/08*, 15,000 miles/year travel and gasoline $3.95/gallon).

Global Warming Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global Warming - Research Paper Example The causes of global warming appear to be an increase in carbon dioxide and other pollutants that collect in the earth’s atmosphere and trap the sun’s heat causing the earth to become warmer. These pollutants can come from a variety of sources such as aerosols, automobiles and industrial factories. Scientists from all over the globe have found evidence that global warming began approximately 18,000 years ago giving credibility to the argument that global warming may also be attributed to natural evolution. Some scientists have found that a majority of the global warming effect is the result of the human race and how it has treated the environment though there is debate on what has caused global warming as well as the severity of the issue. Over the course of the earth’s history, there have been changes in climate and temperature so while a change may not initially seem to be unusual, the increase in average temperature has occurred faster then at any other know t ime period. However, there is agreement that regardless of cause, global warming is having an adverse effect on the environment. Some of these more obvious effects are the increase in wild fires, droughts, dust storms and the decline of the Arctic polar ice cap. Unless changes are made such as more efficient use of energy, this damage to the earth and its atmosphere will continue at an alarming rate. There is not much debate as to the need to slow down this process and many methods for protecting the environment have been introduced, but while this may slow down the impact of Global Warming it is unclear if the effects that have already taken place can be reversed. Environmental change is not new and extreme climate changes, such as the Ice Age, have occurred throughout the Earth’s history without human intervention. These changes not only alter the atmosphere but also modify life on earth. One of the more commonly discussed concerns is what is known

Sociology Applied 4 (Social Class and Stratification) Essay

Sociology Applied 4 (Social Class and Stratification) - Essay Example In the game rules, the lower class also received the least amount of salary. This reflects upon real life where those who fall under the lower class are victims of poor or minimal pay (Walter, 108). During the game, I experienced minimal mobility as a result of playing under the lower class. My social stratum in the game ensured that I remained fixed to the bottom and mostly experience downward mobility. My game experience reflects the real life experience of people who belong to the lower class. People in the lower class have minimal chance of making it in life due to the minimal chances they get presented with in life. For example, in the game, the lower class only gets one chance to throw the die when trying to get out of jail compared to the other classes that to throw two dice or more. This gives a parallel experience by those in lower class in real life who get minimal chance to get out of hardships. Belonging to different classes impacted on the economic and social interactions during the game. The first interaction occurs when taking turns to play the game. The lower class is the last to make a move after the working class. The only interaction between those in the upper class and lower class was economic (Water 96). This took place as the upper class controlled the bank and its functions. The upper class controlled the bank and thus forcing the other classes to rely on him to provide economic services during the game. The conflict/ social conflict theory best explains the overall perspective of the game. The division of the game into classes provides unfair advantages to various participants. The conflict theory distinguishes the society into various classes, which compete for the scarce resources (Walter, 132). This reflects in the game as the participants get classified according to social classes. This theory also states on how the elite control the poor and weak in the society. In the game, the upper class had more ability ad responsibility

Create a report analysing two specific strategy tensions of an Essay

Create a report analysing two specific strategy tensions of an organisation of your choice - Essay Example Ever since, they have been leaders in the budget airline but the recent losses and competition in budget airline industry, suggest that the airline needs to rethink its strategy to sustain in the competitive environment. 2.0 Industry Logic or Strategic Choice When firms enter a new market or have to reinvent their strategy, they can either comply with industry norms or make their own strategic choice. If the company has the ability to adapt itself to the environment then it is said to comply with the industry environment. However, if it has the ability to act without regarding the rules of the game, it has made a strategic choice. The business model that a firm pursues can be the â€Å"logic of the firm, the way it operates and how it creates value for its stakeholders† (Baden-Fuller, MacMillan, Demil, and Lecocq cited in Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart, 2009). The business models according to the authors operate on two sets of elements – choice made by management in ever y business function (policies, assets and governance) and the consequences of the choice. 3.0 Ryanair – strategic choice Ryanair demonstrates choice over compliance thereby demonstrating industry leadership. Ryanair has demonstrated that it has the ability to act without regarding the rules of the game, thereby suggesting it is capable of making a strategic choice. For instance, its pricing policy (choice) resulted in high sales volume, achieving economies of scale, and it also increased the bargaining power of the firm. Using secondary airports (choice) reduced costs of operation (consequence) and standardized fleet (choice) meant higher bargaining power with suppliers (consequence). Large sales volume is the result of the policy (choice) of low fares. Ryanair has the ability to create a fitting environment and the creation process is controllable. The success of Ryanair lies in its ability to manipulate industry demand. It has amply shown its ability to innovate processes a nd the change the rules of the game. Ryanair has the ability to shape the industry norms at a fast pace. They follow a divergent development path as they constantly innovate or create new design, which according to Baden-Fuller and Stopford (2010) is possible only when the firm has the dynamics to change the rule of the game. 4.0 Dimensions of strategic choice Two core dimensions of strategic choice – value proposition (focus on external customer) and value chain (focus on internal operations) – are linked (Leavy, 2013). Ryanair’s value proposition is clear and distinctive. Ryanair focuses on lowest fare, safety and on time. Because of a distinctive value proposition, Ryanair is able to translate this onto a meaningful strategy. They are thus able to deliver better and faster than its rivals. The value proposition is aimed at not just being different from competitors but to make a difference in the lives of its customers. The firm’s profitability is large ly firm-dependent. Ryanair was one of the most profitable low cost airlines in the market in 2005 (Strategic Direction, 2006) because of the discontinuous innovation which

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what Essay

Compare and contrast an RFP with an RFQ. Briefly discuss under what circumstances would you use each in an IT project - Essay Example A request for quotation is suitable for obtaining or sourcing supplies that are standardized as well as produced in a repetitive quality and quantities. It is used when the buyer has a list of pre-determined suppliers who have the technical specifications and commercial requirements for a product or service (Kappauf, Lauterbach & Koch, 2011). A request for proposal (RFP) is also a procurement document that a purchasing organization uses when it has a procurement problem, but it does not know how it wants to solve the problem. It is the most formal of a request in a procurement process and has strict rules for timeline, content, and vendor responses. Request for proposal focuses on more than just the cost or pricing of the project or supplies. The purchasing organization tends to seek more information about the manner in which the supplier or contractor will perform the contract. Apart from the cost of the project, the procurement department also seeks more concepts such as the ability of the supplier to meet the required quality as well as the technology a supplier uses. The buyer appraises a supplier or contractor’s ability and capability to perform the project on the basis of quality, financial capacity, technology level, and competence. The procurement department uses all these factors to select the best suppli er or contractor for the contract. A request for proposal tends to notify suppliers of the buyer’s intention to purchase certain goods or services. The buyer gets a formal submission from the selected suppliers to facilitate comparison of the proposals. A request for proposal tends to show that a buyer has a formal as well as a fair procurement process without favoring a certain preferred supplier (Stewart & Stewart,